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MAC Address / OUI Lookup. Networking Tools More Info About You Port Scanners Traceroute HTTP Compression Ping WHOIS & DNS Website Rankings IP Location HTTP Headers Text Related Tools HTML Characters String & Timestamps Hash Generator Hash Lookup Text Case Changer Regexp Tester String Encoding Password Generator Upside-Down Text Text to Code Ratio. Mac Pro is designed for pros who need the ultimate in CPU performance. From production rendering to playing hundreds of virtual instruments to simulating an iOS app on multiple devices at once, it's exceedingly capable. At the heart of the system is an Intel Xeon processor with up to 28 cores — the most ever in a Mac.

Discover which company built a networked interface by MAC Address.

1. Several formats accepted: 00-1C-23-59-5A-92, 001c23595a92, 00:1C:23:59:5A:92
2. Partial searches are accepted: 001c, 2359:92
3. Uses several databases including NMAP, IEEE Official List, Wireshark Info, and more.
4. Never know what else may show up ;)

MAC address

A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet. Logically, MAC addresses are used in the media access control protocol sublayer of the OSI reference model.

MAC addresses are most often assigned by the manufacturer of a network interface controller (NIC) and are stored in its hardware, such as the card's read-only memory or some other firmware mechanism. If assigned by the manufacturer, a MAC address usually encodes the manufacturer's registered identification number and may be referred to as the burned-in address (BIA). It may also be known as an Ethernet hardware address (EHA), hardware address or physical address. This can be contrasted to a programmed address, where the host device issues commands to the NIC to use an arbitrary address.

A network node may have multiple NICs and each must have one unique MAC address per NIC.

MAC addresses are formed according to the rules of one of three numbering name spaces managed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): MAC-48, EUI-48, and EUI-64. The IEEE claims trademarks on the names EUI-48 and EUI-64, in which EUI is an abbreviation for Extended Unique Identifier.

Notational conventions

The standard (IEEE 802) format for printing MAC-48 addresses in human-friendly form is six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens (-) or colons (:), in transmission order (e.g. 01-23-45-67-89-ab or 01:23:45:67:89:ab ). This form is also commonly used for EUI-64. Another convention used by networking equipment uses three groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by dots (.) (e.g. 0123.4567.89ab ), again in transmission order.

Address details

The original IEEE 802 MAC address comes from the original Xerox Ethernet addressing scheme. This 48-bit address space contains potentially 248 or 281,474,976,710,656 possible MAC addresses.

All three numbering systems use the same format and differ only in the length of the identifier. Addresses can either be universally administered addresses or locally administered addresses. A universally administered address is uniquely assigned to a device by its manufacturer. The first three octets (in transmission order) identify the organization that issued the identifier and are known as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). The following three (MAC-48 and EUI-48) or five (EUI-64) octets are assigned by that organization in nearly any manner they please, subject to the constraint of uniqueness. The IEEE has a target lifetime of 100 years for applications using MAC-48 space, but encourages adoption of EUI-64s instead. A locally administered address is assigned to a device by a network administrator, overriding the burned-in address. Locally administered addresses do not contain OUIs.

Universally administered and locally administered addresses are distinguished by setting the second-least-significant bit of the most significant byte of the address. This bit is also referred to as the U/L bit, short for Universal/Local, which identifies how the address is administered. If the bit is 0, the address is universally administered. If it is 1, the address is locally administered. In the example address 06-00-00-00-00-00 the most significant byte is 06 (hex), the binary form of which is 00000110, where the second-least-significant bit is 1. Therefore, it is a locally administered address. Consequently, this bit is 0 in all OUIs.

If the least significant bit of the most significant octet of an address is set to 0 (zero), the frame is meant to reach only one receiving NIC. This type of transmission is called unicast. A unicast frame is transmitted to all nodes within the collision domain, which typically ends at the nearest network switch or router. A switch will forward a unicast frame through all of its ports (except for the port that originated the frame) if the switch has no knowledge of which port leads to that MAC address, or just to the proper port if it does have knowledge. Only the node with the matching hardware MAC address will accept the frame; network frames with non-matching MAC-addresses are ignored, unless the device is in promiscuous mode.

If the least significant bit of the most significant address octet is set to 1, the frame will still be sent only once; however, NICs will choose to accept it based on criteria other than the matching of a MAC address: for example, based on a configurable list of accepted multicast MAC addresses. This is called multicast addressing.

The following technologies use the MAC-48 identifier format:

• Ethernet
• 802.11 wireless networks
• IEEE 802.5 token ring
• most other IEEE 802 networks
• Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), switched virtual connections only, as part of an NSAP address
• Fibre Channel and Serial Attached SCSI (as part of a World Wide Name)
• The ITU-TG.hn standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 gigabit/s) local area network using existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables). The G.hn Application Protocol Convergence (APC) layer accepts Ethernet frames that use the MAC-48 format and encapsulates them into G.hn Medium Access Control Service Data Units (MSDUs).

Every device that connects to an IEEE 802 network (such as Ethernet and WiFi) has a MAC-48 address. Common consumer devices to use MAC-48 include every PC, iPhone, iPad, and Android-based devices.

The distinction between EUI-48 and MAC-48 identifiers is purely nominal: MAC-48 is used for network hardware; EUI-48 is used to identify other devices and software. (Thus, by definition, an EUI-48 is not in fact a 'MAC address', although it is syntactically indistinguishable from one and assigned from the same numbering space.)

The IEEE now considers the label MAC-48 to be an obsolete term, previously used to refer to a specific type of EUI-48 identifier used to address hardware interfaces within existing 802-based networking applications, and thus not to be used in the future. Instead, the proprietary term EUI-48 should be used for this purpose.

The EUI-48 is expected to have its address space exhausted by the year 2100.

EUI-64 identifiers are used in:

• IPv6 (Modified EUI-64 as the least-significant 64 bits of a unicast network address or link-local address when stateless autoconfiguration is used)
• ZigBee / 802.15.4 / 6LoWPAN wireless personal-area networks

The IEEE has built in several special address types to allow more than one network interface card to be addressed at one time:

• Packets sent to the broadcast address, all one bits, are received by all stations on a local area network. In hexadecimal the broadcast address would be FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. A broadcast frame is flooded and is forwarded to and accepted by all other nodes.
• Packets sent to a multicast address are received by all stations on a LAN that have been configured to receive packets sent to that address.
• Functional addresses identify one or more Token Ring NICs that provide a particular service, defined in IEEE 802.5.

These are all examples of group addresses, as opposed to individual addresses; the least significant bit of the first octet of a MAC address distinguishes individual addresses from group addresses. That bit is set to 0 in individual addresses and set to 1 in group addresses. Group addresses, like individual addresses, can be universally administered or locally administered.

In addition, the EUI-64 numbering system encompasses both MAC-48 and EUI-48 identifiers by a simple translation mechanism. To convert a MAC-48 into an EUI-64, copy the OUI, append the two octets FF-FF and then copy the organization-specified extension identifier. To convert an EUI-48 into an EUI-64, the same process is used, but the sequence inserted is FF-FE. In both cases, the process can be trivially reversed when necessary. Organizations issuing EUI-64s are cautioned against issuing identifiers that could be confused with these forms. The IEEE policy is to discourage new uses of 48-bit identifiers in favor of the EUI-64 system.
Itunes download for apple mac ios. IPv6 — one of the most prominent standards that uses a Modified EUI-64 — treats MAC-48 as EUI-48 instead (as it is chosen from the same address pool) and toggles the U/L bit (as this makes it easier to type locally assigned IPv6 addresses based on the Modified EUI-64). This results in extending MAC addresses (such as IEEE 802 MAC address) to Modified EUI-64 using only FF-FE (and never FF-FF) and with the U/L bit inverted.

Individual address block

An Individual Address Block is a 24-bit OUI managed by the IEEE Registration Authority, followed by 12 IEEE-provided bits (identifying the organization), and 12 bits for the owner to assign to individual devices. An IAB is ideal for organizations requiring fewer than 4097 unique 48-bit numbers (EUI-48).

Mac Address Usage in hosts

Although intended to be a permanent and globally unique identification, it is possible to change the MAC address on most modern hardware. Changing MAC addresses is necessary in network virtualization. It can also be used in the process of exploiting security vulnerabilities. This is called MAC spoofing.

A host cannot determine from the MAC address of another host whether that host is on the same link (network segment) as the sending host, or on a network segment bridged to that network segment.

In IP networks, the MAC address of an interface can be queried given the IP address using the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for IPv6. In this way, ARP or NDP is used to translate IP addresses (OSI layer 3) into Ethernet MAC addresses (OSI layer 2). On broadcast networks, such as Ethernet, the MAC address uniquely identifies each node on that segment and allows frames to be marked for specific hosts. It thus forms the basis of most of the link layer (OSI Layer 2) networking upon which upper layer protocols rely to produce complex, functioning networks.

Mac Address Usage in switches

Layer 2 switches use MAC addresses to restrict packet transmission to the intended recipient. However, the effect is not immediate.

Bit-reversed notation

The standard notation, also called canonical format, for MAC addresses is written in transmission bit order with the least significant bit transmitted first, as seen in the output of the iproute2/ifconfig/ipconfig command, for example.

However, since IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.4 (Token Bus) send the bytes (octets) over the wire, left-to-right, with least significant bit in each byte first, while IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) and IEEE 802.6 send the bytes over the wire with the most significant bit first, confusion may arise when an address in the latter scenario is represented with bits reversed from the canonical representation. For example, an address in canonical form 12-34-56-78-9A-BC would be transmitted over the wire as bits 01001000 00101100 01101010 00011110 01011001 00111101 in the standard transmission order (least significant bit first). But for Token Ring networks, it would be transmitted as bits 00010010 00110100 01010110 01111000 10011010 10111100 in most-significant-bit first order. The latter might be incorrectly displayed as 48-2C-6A-1E-59-3D. This is referred to as bit-reversed order, non-canonical form, MSB format, IBM format, or Token Ring format, as explained in RFC 2469. Canonical form is generally preferred, and used by all modern implementations.

When the first switches supporting both Token Ring and Ethernet came out, some did not distinguish between canonical form and non-canonical form and so did not reverse MAC address bits as required. This led to cases of duplicate MAC addresses in the field.

See also

• Hot Standby Router Protocol or standard alternative VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, which allows multiple routers to share one IP address and MAC address to provide router redundancy. The OpenBSD project has an open source alternative, the Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP). On Linux, iptables has a CLUSTERIP target.
• NSAP address, another endpoint addressing scheme.
• Sleep Proxy Service, which may 'take over' another device's MAC address during certain periods

References

1. IEEE Std 802-2001. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). 2002-02-07. p. 19. 'The universal administration of LAN MAC addresses began with the Xerox Corporation administering Block Identifiers (Block IDs) for Ethernet addresses.'
2. 'Guidelines for use of the 24-bit Organizationally Unique Identifiers (OUI)'. IEEE-SA.
3. 'Standard Group MAC Addresses: A Tutorial Guide'. IEEE-SA.
4. 'Guidelines for Fibre Channel Use of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)'. IEEE-SA.
5. 'Network Interface Controller'. Wikipedia.
6. 'Guidelines for 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)'. IEEE-SA.
7. RFC 5342'IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters'. IETF. September 2008.
8. IEEE-RA. 'What is an Individual Address Block?'.

External links

• Wireshark's OUI Lookup Tool and MAC address list

If you're using a Window's computer and you want it to operate like a Macbook, we have good news for you. Here are a few tips on how to make your laptop look like a mac.

17 Things You Can Do To Make Laptop Look & Feel Like A MacBook

1. Move the taskbar to the top of your screen

This will not only make your work easy when using the computer but will also lessen the strain you put on the eyes especially when using tall monitors. This method doesn't require you to download extra software.

2. Changing the background

Go to Control PanelAppearance and PersonalizationPersonalization. Select change background image then set the image you had downloaded as the background. You can stretch the image if it doesn't fit your screen.

3. Remove icon names on your desktop

To do this, open the character map on your desktop. Scroll down and select a blank grid. Click on the select button followed by copy. Go to desktop and right click on an icon you want to change the name. Select Rename, paste, and press enter.

If another icon shares the same name, repeat step 1 above. After you're done, the name of the desktop icon will be hidden. Do this for all icons on your desktop.

4. Hide the taskbar

You can decide to hide the taskbar entirely instead of moving it to the top of your screen. To do this, move the mouse to the taskbar and left click on it. You'll see a number of properties.

Choose hide taskbar and press enter. Your taskbar will be hidden until you move your cursor over it. It will automatically hide when you move the cursor.

5. Move your icons

… move the icons anywhere you want on your desktop. Click and hold an icon and drag it to the bottom of the desktop.

Left click anywhere on the desktop. A set of options will appear. Hover your mouse and click align icons to the grid which will deselect this option. You'll now be able to move the icons anywhere you want on your desktop.

Click and hold an icon and drag it to the bottom of the desktop. Do this for all icons, leaving a small space between them. The recycle bin should be placed at the bottom right corner of the screen.

Your new customized desktop will mirror that of a MAC. You can go ahead and compare and you'll notice the striking similarities.

6. Sharp keys

Switch your Ctrl and Alt keys with sharp keys for a more believable MAC user experience. You may find it difficult at first especially if you're used to using your alt and ctrl keys but the secret here is practice.

7. Win roll

If you want to move a step further with your taskbar, you can install this app. It allows right-clicking on a title bar to roll it up so it becomes the size of a title bar and rolling it back when you need to do so. WindowsShadeX by Usanity offers this feature.

8. notes

This is the equivalent of sticky notes in Windows. It provides all the functions in Windows and a bit extra.

9. TalkSwitch

Allows users to switch between tabs like you would with Alt + Tab.

10. Download a skin pack

…You can begin using your Windows computer with your favorite MAC interface…

I would recommend downloading the Yosemite Skin Pack for this task. Take care to download the version that's compatible with your Windows computer. After the download is complete, disable your antivirus to begin the installation process.

Follow the prompts, give the program a few minutes to complete the installation after which you can begin the setup. You can begin using your Windows computer with your favorite MAC interface.

You can also another program called Bootskin which also works the same way if not better.

If in the future you decide you want to revert to your Windows interface, you can do this by doing a system restore. Tread carefully when installing Windows skins because some change the format of files and there's no way of fixing in case something goes wrong.

11. Download and install dock

A docking program allows users to start programs they frequently use seamlessly. There are different versions of the program and it's, therefore, advisable to research beforehand to identify which one you should install.

12. Get expose

To change the look of your desktop to a MAC, adding a few apps is always a good way to go. This, in turn, may slow down your computer hence the need to use get exposed.

11. Download and install dock

A docking program allows users to start programs they frequently use seamlessly. There are different versions of the program and it's, therefore, advisable to research beforehand to identify which one you should install.

12. Get expose

To change the look of your desktop to a MAC, adding a few apps is always a good way to go. This, in turn, may slow down your computer hence the need to use get exposed.

13. Get extra space

MacBooks always insist on having extra working space areas. You can do this by installing the DeskSpace app.

14. Lightshot

This is the equivalent of a screenshot in Windows. MACOS has an in-built recorder and screenshot feature which makes it user-friendly to developers and attractable as well. Install Lightshot on your Windows computer and you'll enjoy some the functionalities users of MAC enjoy.

15. Use Cortana search features

MAC boasts one of the best search features of any computer. You can search for files and webpages using your voice. To enjoy this functionality, you can use Cortana on your Windows computer. To do this, simply press Win+ Q.

16. Quick Look Tool

…It enables you to customize a number of features when using the app.

You can easily preview the contents of a file without having to open it in MAC by selecting the file and hitting the space bar. To enjoy this functionality when using Windows, install the Seer app. It enables you to customize a number of features when using the app.

You can also use the Quicklook app from Microsoft which offers the following functionalities;

• Spacebar- allows you to preview and close files.
• Esc- to close preview
• Enter- start the review and close it.
• Ctrl+Mouse Wheel to zoom images.

Mouse wheel to turn the volume up or down.

17. Quick time screen recording

The XBOX app works well in recording short videos. It can record files of any type when using Windows OS although it's used for recording games in XBOX.

Mac Look For Pc Computers

Making Your PC Look Like a Macbook

Free Mac Os For Pc

There's no excuse for using a dull desktop. There is a lot of software you can install to tweak the look and feel of your desktop.

If this is not your cup of tea and prefer not to install any third party software, you can achieve the MAC interface by changing some features already installed on your computer. What are you waiting for? Take advantage of these top tips and begin your MAC experience on your Windows computer.

IceFrog was at one time highly reclusive, refusing to give interviews; the only evidence of his authorship was the map maker's email account on the official website and the name branded on the game's loading screen. Dota 1 for mac. TDA member Steve 'Pendragon' Mescon created an official community site, dota-allstars.com.Towards the end of his association with the map in 2005, Feak handed over control to another developer. The new author, IceFrog, added new features, heroes, and fixes.

Mac Look For Windows 10